We’re in the midst of a global pandemic, as the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it causes in humans, COVID-19, has claimed the lives of more than two-thirds of a million people. In the United States alone, more than 150,000 have died, with each new day adding an average of over 1,000 new deaths at present. At an average warming rate of 0.07º C per decade for as long as temperature records exist, the … [+] Earth’s temperature has not only increased, but continues to increase without any relief in sight. Unless we significantly and rapidly curtail our emissions of greenhouse gases, we may be forced to adopt geoengineering solutions to climate change.

Like her, I can take any divergence between what I seem to find out and the consensus view as a reason for suspicion about my inquiry rather than a reason to doubt the consensus. Like her, I undertake the inquiry to better understand, rather than to find out. There are also sometimes important social benefits to doing one’s own research. For example, the acquisition of genuine understanding, and the capacity to speak in the technical vocabulary of a discipline, may be necessary for marginalized voices to be heard and given due weight.

Where Can You Study Abroad in English?

You’ve been misled by propaganda that appealed to your emotions or biases. –Research syntheses combine the results from studies to assess the weight of the evidence. Systematic reviews synthesize the literature and condense what’s known on a given question while meta-analyses are systematic reviews that use statistical methods to summarize the results. Then the calendar turned over to 2020, and “do your own research” had simultaneous moments in both discourse (especially online) related to the complicated and often confusing global public health emergency and in the relatively chaotic national politics in the United States.

Planet Earth, as viewed by NASA’s Messenger spacecraft as it departed from our location, clearly … This is an observation that cannot be made from a single vantage point on our surface, but is supported by a wide variety of scientific measurements and observations. For one thing, that is precisely the kind of advice that advocates of D.Y.O.R. are primed to reject. In a society where conflicts between so-called elites and their critics are so pronounced, appealing to the superiority of experts can trigger distrust. Anecdotally, you can see the beginner’s bubble at work outside the laboratory too. Power tools, ladders and lawn mowers are easily mishandled by untrained users who know just enough to put themselves in danger.

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However, the type of incentive (monetary or social) did not influence sharing behavior in a custom social media simulation. Curbing misinformation may not require substantial monetary resources; in fact, social https://www.xcritical.com/blog/how-to-do-your-own-research-dyor-before-investing-in-crypto/ media platforms can devise ways to socially incentivize their users for being responsible netizens who share true information. At the end of the day, it’s up to you to decide what you’re going to believe.

Again, research is a cumulative process, and human knowledge builds through the interplay of primary and secondary research. Scientific research and institutions are not without problems, from news biases to structural discrimination in healthcare https://www.xcritical.com/ (Bond et al., 2021). However, the idea that expert institutions and mainstream news have nefarious motivations can foster distrust and influence information-seeking in ways that undermine democratic norms and values (Hutchens et al., 2021).

Support for “doing your own research” is associated with COVID-19 misperceptions and scientific mistrust

Understanding is widely held to be more valuable than knowledge; perhaps surprisingly, in that light, it is also less vulnerable. How much less vulnerable understanding is than knowledge is controversial. As Grimm (2017) notes, there is a widespread sense that understanding is, entirely or to a much greater extent than knowledge, an internal states of agents. If that’s the case, then agents may be incorrigible (or at least highly reliable) with regard to whether they possess it.

• This step is especially important when using Internet resources, many of which are regarded as less than reliable.
• Or better yet, break out of confirmation bias by trying to find evidence that you’re wrong.
• In a 2018 study, for example, one of us (Professor Dunning) and the psychologist Carmen Sanchez asked people to try their hand at diagnosing certain diseases.
• There are people who’ve gotten rich, people who know a lot about blockchains and people who believe in the liberating power of digital currencies.
• They must show that they are trustworthy and listen seriously to objections from alternative perspectives.
• We’re more likely to fall for misinformation when it confirms what we already believe.
• A Keyword search can be performed if the subject search doesn’t yield enough information.

In these cases, shallow research may risk knowledge (reading the op-ed pages of the Wall Street Journal may lead someone with true beliefs on climate change to come to reject those beliefs, or undermine her justification for them). But that fact offers no support to those who commend deeper research. There’s no reason to expect deeper research to do any better in this hostile epistemic environment. Matheson may be right that we need to combine research with deference, but how, exactly, are we to do this, such that we maximize the benefits and minimize the risks? But there is a way to minimize the risks without eliminating the benefits.

A GOLDEN AGE OF CONSPIRACY THEORIES

A common refrain in battles about Covid-19 and vaccination, politics and conspiracy theories, parenting, drugs, food, stock trading and media, it signals not just a rejection of authority but often trust in another kind. The best examples of synthesis reports come from climate change research. For example, Cook et al (2016) synthesized the consensus estimates from six independent studies and found a robust scientific consensus that humans are causing the climate to change. 12It might be worth highlighting the parallel between exploratory inquiry and what Kuhn (1970) calls normal science.

And because the incentive structure in science rewards scientists who discover new things or prove established knowledge wrong, overturning the consensus would be a career-winning strategy, the kind of which Nobel prizes are made. The likelihood of thousands of scientists giving up fame and fortune for the sake of maintaining a conspiracy, as suggested by many denialists and pseudoscience promoters, is next to none. “Do your own research!” is a common phrase used by conspiracy theorists and pseudoscience promoters of various creeds in response to people who are skeptical of their claims. This phrase is a form of the escape hatch (Argumentum ad googlam) used by a charlatan who wants to win the argument but does not want to bear the burden of proof.

Basic Steps in the Research Process

Nevertheless, insofar as they can correctly answer why questions, assess counterfactuals and so on, they genuinely have understanding. Back to “researching.” The danger is that uninformed or dishonest people can cherry pick individual studies, or even an expert or two, to support a desired conclusion or to make it look like the science is more uncertain than it is…especially if they don’t want to accept it. And if we’re being real, many who are “doing their own research” are doing so to deny scientific knowledge.

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